fluids additives
Physical characteristics of non-aqueous fuids Barite, ilmenite, hematite, calcium carbonate May contain SiO2, respiratory hazard. Mechanical irritation of skin or eyes. Wear appropriate dust mask respirator with filter suitable for the particle size of the dust. Wear safety goggles to protect from mechanical eye irritation. Gloves to protect from mechanical skin irritation. Linear paraffins, synthetic iso-alkanes, highly refined mineral oils, olefins Harmful, may cause lung damage if swallowed,...
Kinematic viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. It is commonly perceived as 'thickness', or resistance to flow. Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and Appendix 5 Definitions of technical NAF base fluid properties may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Thus, water is 'thin', having a lower viscosity, while vegetable oil is 'thick' having a higher viscosity. Kinematic viscosity is a measure of...
Appendix NAFbasedfluids technical data
Table 1 NAF-based fluids technical data Appendix 3 NAF-based fluids technical data Table 1 NAF-based fluids technical data continued Appendix 3 NAF-based fluids technical data Table 2 Physical and chemical characteristics of commonly used NAF base fluids
Workplace health surveillance
Workplace health surveillance is a process designed to systematically detect and assess the early signs of adverse health effects on workers exposed to certain health hazards. Methods can be simple or more complex depending on the risks to workers from the job hazards and the substance, for example monitoring for signs of skin irritation when a worker is potentially exposed to a substance that can cause dermatitis or sensitization medical surveillance including biological monitoring to check...
Health effects associated with drilling fluids
The most commonly observed health effects of drilling fluids in humans are skin irritation and contact dermatitis. Less frequently reported effects are headache, nausea, eye irritation and coughing4. The effects are caused by the physico-chemical properties of the drilling fluid as well as the inherent properties of drilling fluid additives, and are dependent on the route of exposure dermal, inhalation, oral and other as detailed below. When drilling fluids are circulated in an open system with...
Particle Size as an influencing factor for inhalation effects
Substances which can be inhaled or are respirable include gases, vapours and aerosols aerosols are particles and may have gases or vapours adsorbed onto their surface or dissolved into them. These substances can be defined as follows Gases substances which normally exist in gaseous form at standard pressure and temperature. Vapours gaseous form substances normally liquid at standard pressure and temperature. Aerosols suspension of variable size particles capable of remaining airborne. Dusts...
Exposure to chemical hazards Fxm
specified in occupational health and safety regulations and exposure should not exceed these levels. An issue indirectly related to health, but directly related to the working environment is the odour of drilling fluids. Some drilling fluids may have an objectionable odour caused by the main constituents or specific additives. During operations the drilling fluids may be contaminated with crude oil and drilling cuttings, which may change the odorous properties of the drilling fluid....
Potential exposure to drilling fluids 1
Workers may be exposed to drilling fluids either by inhaling aerosols and vapours or by skin contact. The preparation and use of drilling fluid systems may generate airborne contaminants, dust, mist and vapour in the workplace. The potential for inhalation of dust is mainly in association with mixing operations. The highest potential for inhaling mist and vapour exists along the flow line from the bell nipple to the solids-control equipment, which can include the shale shakers, desanders,...
Examples of additives common to WBMs and NAFs
Table 1 Additives common to WBMs and NAFs WBM primary phase dilution NAF internal phase WBM primary phase dilution formation stability NAF internal phase WBM primary phase formation stability WBM primary phase well control formation stability NAF internal phase WBM primary phase formation stability WBM primary phase generally a completion fluid WBM primary phase when drilling and for completion operations WBM and NAF fluid density control bridging plugging agent NAF amide modified clay for...