Presurvey Checklist For Magnetic Single Shots
An OpCo representative should ensure that the following is carried out. 1. Check that the required length of NMDC is available. 2. Check that the instrumentlanding assembly will seat correctly in the landing ring TOTCO ring , and will not jam or land eccentrically. 3. Check whether the instrument is to be top or bottom landed or used with a mule shoe. 4. Install the landing ring in the proper place when making up the BHA. Avoid landing the instrument directly on top of bit, mudmotor or turbine....
Bentoniteligno Mud
Fresh water bentonite mud is a relatively inexpensive drilling mud which is used widely in drilling operations. The main mud parameters are maintained by careful balancing of clay and lignosulfonate additions. Addition of clay will increase YP and gel values whereas lignosulfonate additions will lower the fluid loss and YP gel values. When mud properties cannot be maintained additions of CMC-LV are required. The PV is kept low by optimal solids removal and dilution. Batchwise dilution...
Biopolymers
Recently several biopolymer X-C Polymer, Rhodopol, Enerflo, Drillam X 84 have found worldwide application in drilling fluids. These polymers are quite expensive. When used in concentrations as low as 2-3 kg m 3 1 Ib bbl a major increase in YP and gel values is normaly obtained. Various salts sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and pottassium chloride are used for drilling through salt sections. The mud is saturated to the salt that is expected in the hole and thus washouts due to the...
Diamond Gauge Protection 1
Typical Part Section through Centre of Bit Typical Part Section through Centre of Bit with Diamonds Low Pressure Collectors with Diamonds Low Pressure Collectors
Simplified Roller Bit Classification System
A new roller bit classification system has been approved by the American Petroleum Institute as a recommended practice and It will be included in the forthcoming edition of RP7G. Recommended practice for drill stem design and operating limits . The system is meant to standardise the nomenclature for roller bits according to the application recommended by the manufacturer and their special features and not to standardise the bit design itself. A 3-digit code is used. The first digit series...
P Pi Pd P P
Introduction to Drilling and Producton Techniques 5w CTC Round I Self Study Examination 1 day CTC Mud and Cement Chemistry 1wj STC Drilling Techniques 5w CTC P133 Well Control Refresher 3d STC P211 Production Chemistry 7d STC PD02 Round II Self Study Examination 3 days CTC P201 Petroleum Engineering 2w CTC P215 Production Techniques 2w STC P230 Drilling Techniquues 3w CTC P231 Mud and Cement Chemistry integral part of P2.30 P290 or Introduction to Business Techniques, Economics and Project P220...
Pressure Equalizing 1
GRADING OF WORN ROLLER BITS Reporting Wear in Eights Degree of tooth v new dullness Ti tooth height 7a gone tooth height V4 gone tooth height 3 8 gone tooth height 7 gone tooth height gone tooth height 3 4 gone tooth height 78 gone tooth height all gone NOTE If any one row has a majority of teeth broken, add the letters BT BEARING CONDITION check the worst cone B1 bearing life used 7 B2 bearing life used 7, tight B3 bearing life used B4 bearing life used 72 medium B5 bearing life used B6...
KILL AND CHOKE LINES PRESSURE DROP A P Gem
1. E.M.G equivalent mud gradient BDF BDF gt 1 - walerdepth x Ps 2. MAASP E.M.G. x DshoeTVBDF Dshoe TV BDF x pmud 3. MAASP E.M.G. X DshoeTVBDF - .' C hoe TV BDF Dratted TVBDf X prn i-choke line X pfiyj J Two Methods to read the annulus pressures while killing A. Use choke line only and read off pressure from the choke line gauge. Pchoke becomes at start of circulation Pan - AP , and static MAASP becomes MAASP - AP Dynamic MAASP B. Use choke line for returns, keep kill line closed in and read off...
X Opi
The spear head overshot is released and pulled up to the derrickman so that he can thread it down through the next stand of pipe. This operation is repeated until the overshot is at a short distance of the fish. At this point, the mud is circulated to remove all the cuttings and debris in the overshot and on the top of the fish. A circulating sub attached on the top of the drill pipe tool joint in the rotary table holds the lower section of the cable while circulating with the kelly pump...
Sensator Fluid Level Check Procedure
1 With empty blocks the gap 'A' on the Sensator should be approximately in. 2 If gap 'A' decreases to 3 s in. then the system is low on fluid. If this gap is allowed to close then the system is out of fluid and no further movement of gauge is possible. DRILL COLLAR WEIGHTS STEEL POUNDS PER FOOT
Quick Look Log Interpretation
Check mudfog core, sidewall samples for lithology, hydrocarbon shows Sand - Shale GR distinguishes Sand low reading from Shale high reading . Density Neutron shows Shale as a separation between the curves Neutron runs to the left . Carbonate Neutron reads zero porosity in non-reservoir Salt, Anhydrite, tight Limestone, tight Dolomite . Density - Neutron identifies Salt, Anhydrite, Limestone, Dolomite. Use loggers Chartbook . GR identifies Shales and Radioactive Salts. Check Density - Neutron to...
Looking Down The Drillstring Towards The Bit
a Toolface 0e b Toolface 180' Bit and mudmotor tyring to build Bit and mudmotor trying to drop angle while maintaining azimuth. angle while maintaining azimuth. c Toolface 90' d Toolface - 300 60 left Bit and mudmotor trying to Bit and mudmotor trying to build maintain inclination and turn well angle and turn well to the left, to the right.
Using A Safety Factor For Slip Crushing
A few designers have recognized that the maximum allowable static load should be controlled to prevent crushing of the pipe by the slips, To take care of this problem, a safety factor can be determined representing the relation between the hoop stress Sh caused by the slip action, and the pipe tensile stress St resulting from the pipe load hanging in the slips. This safety factor is expressed as Sh St, and can be calculated as follows O.D. of the pipe, in inches the lenght of the slips, in...
Maximum Safe Dogleg Limits S Drill Pipe
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB Safety is the responsibility of everyone associated with the drilling operation. In order to conduct safe operations, contractor and company personnel must clearly understand and effectively discharge their respective responsibilities The drilling contractor is responsible for Implementation of a...
Viscosity
The viscosity of the mud is very important for the optimisation of various different mud functions. The viscosity is measured with two different instruments The Marsh funnel and the Fann viscometer. 2.1 THE MARSH FUNNEL VISCOSITY - expressed in seconds per quart 946 ml - is determined with very simple equipment. The marsh funnel is used routinely on the rigs to establish whether changes in the mud properties occur. Further conclusions cannot be drawn from the marsh funnel viscosity results. 2.2...
Slo Speed Tools Dimensional Operational Data
DELTA 200 500 TOOLS DIMENSIONAL OPERATIONAL DATA MUD MOTORS Christensen NAVI-DRILL General Specifications Available only with 57, reg. in the U.S. Available only with 57, reg. in the U.S. Neyrfor straight hole TURBODRILLS Main Characteristics
Depth References For Onshore Wells
DEPTH REFERENCES FOR OFFSHORE WELLS DRILLED WITH SURFACE BOPs. Local datum e.g. Mean Sea Level, MSL Local datum e.g. Mean Sea Level, MSL DEPTH REFERENCES FOR OFFSHORE WELLS DRILLED WITH SUBSEA BOPs.
Brine Filtration
Removal of all suspended solids from a brine is essential to prevent formation damage. Several innovative techniques such as centrifuges and flocculation flotation are under development. Filtration, however, is still the most widely used method. Two type of filters are commonly used. Precoat Filters Precoat filters consist of a course back-up screen on which the actual filter is built by particles added to the liquid stream. Diatomecious earth DE is the most commonly used filter medium some...
Zinc Bromide ZnBr Brine
Zinc bromide brine must be used when densities higher than 1.70 kg I are required. It is supplied in plastic lined drums as a 2.30 kg I solution. The density is adjusted by mixing this solution with 1.70 kg I CaBr2 CaCI2 brine. Zinc bromide brines are toxic and may cause severe burns on the skin. Moreover, ZnBr2 brines are acidic and highly corrosive. Oxygen scavenger, and corrosion inhibitors must be added continuously as the effectiveness of these materials decrease sharply with time. Zinc...
HYDRAULIC DESIGN Bso
Matrix Body M Matrix Body PDC S Steel Body PDC T TSP Matrix Body O Other ALTERNATE CODES R _ RADIAL FLOW X CROSS FLOW O OTHER The numbers i - 9 in the thlrfl characer tf trie IADC code refer to Ihe bit's hydraulic lt j s jn The letters RX. aMO apply to some types lt 4 open trwoai bits ALTERNATE CODES R _ RADIAL FLOW X CROSS FLOW O OTHER The numbers i - 9 in the thlrfl characer tf trie IADC code refer to Ihe bit's hydraulic lt j s jn The letters RX. aMO apply to some types lt 4 open trwoai bits...
Wireline Fishing
Logging tools may become stuck downhole, for different reasons - Hole collapsing or loose formation. Hole bridging. - Torpedo or cable head caught in a keyseat. - Cable or tool differentially stuck. - Tool stopped in a split casing shoe. Once the tool is stuck, pulling on the cable does not help on the contrary it will definitely trap the tool for good When the wireline is still intact it is best to,use a cable guide technique the wireline will hold the fish in a centralized position and serve...
Info Dkl
20.00' 24.00 26.40 26 70 33.70 39 00 45.30 29.76' 35.72 39.29 44.20 50.15 58.04 67.41 7.125 1 180.98 7.025 178.44 6.969 177.01 6.875 1 174.63 6.765 j 171.83 6.625 I 168.28 6.435 I 163.45
Presurvey Checklist
1. Check that the instrument landing assembly will seat correctly in the landing ring TOTCO ring , and not jam or land eccentrically. 2. Install the landing ring in the proper lace when making up the bottom hole assembly BHA . 3. Avoid landing the instrument directly on top of bit, mudmotor or turbine. The instrument could get stuck and furthermore make circulation impossible. 4. Check that the fishing tool will fit over the fishing neck. 5. Check that the Instrument will pass the BHA above the...
Maximum Safe Dogleg Limits Grade E Drill Pipe
0.85 0.75 Proposed Mud Weight, at TD psi ft MO 16 IQOi 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 0.85 0.75 Proposed Mud Weight, at TD psi ft MO 16 IQOi 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB 100 120 140 160 1B0 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB 100 120 140 160 1B0 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 TENSION IN DRILL PIPE BELOW DOG-LEG, 1000 LB
Liner cementation
Having set liner and retracted running sleeve. e Displace cement at recommended rate pressure lt f Pump until pump down plug reaches liner wiper plug h Displace combined wiper plugs to float collar a Quantity of cement and mixwater required b Thickening time and compressive strength c Chase volume to i displace pumpdown plug to load in liner wiper plug ii displace combined plugs to float collar e Pressure differential prior to bumping combined plugs h Total hookload immediately prior to setting...
Uses of Prehydrated Bentonite
Bentonite is added to water based muds to increase the viscosity and gel strength, suspend solids and increase the carrying capacity of the mud. Bentonite forms a filter cake and, if properly dispersed, is the main agent for reducing water loss. Bentonite will yield in fresh water less than 50 g l salt but not in salty water. Hence if bentonite is to be used in salty water, it must be prehydrated in fresh water. Before adding bentonite to the water or any other chemical , test the water for...
Calculation Stages
1. Calculate the height in the annulus occupied by the string contents, Di 2. Calculate P, p po - D1 Pi 3. Calculate the pressure at the top of the influx, 4. Calculate the expanded height h of the influx in the annulus with V2 5. Calculate Pann, pAnn P0 - D - h pl - PF D1 The height of the displaced string contents in the annulus P Pressure at the bottom of the expanded influx Po Formation pressure or BHP if BHP gt Po hb HEIGHT OF GAS COLUMN AT THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLE, OR IF THE AREA OF THE...
Elongation Of The Drillstring
e Elongation inch L Total drillpipe length ft pm Mudgradient psi ft
Closing Area Ram Shaft Area
Closing pressure required to close ram preventer with rated pressure in bore Rated Working Pressure Closing Ratio Example Hydril 476Vd mm 187 ' - 68,950 kPa 10,000 psi w.p. ram type BOP. Closing ratio shear and pipe 10.56 Solving for closing pressure required to close ram Closing pressure required 6,529.5 kPa 947 psi Example N.L Shaffer 4767 mm 18V - 68,950 kPa 10,000 psi w.p. 'SL'with 356 mm 14 diameter pistons. Closing ratio shear and pipe 7.11 Solving for closing pressure required to close...
Excessive Torque
Reduce weight and RPM Increase rotary Decrease weight Check bottom hole assembly stabilizers should be Vj, to 71S under hole size Increase flow rate and work Pull bit Slip-stick action Broken formation Pump off force Change rotary weight combination Rcducc rotary speed and weight Increase weight Decrease volume
Conclusions
16 subsea accumulator bottles and 62 surface ones are sufficient to satisfy API RP-53. Furthermore, the hydraulic reservoir capacity is approximately equal to that necessary to open and close the 4 ram type BOP's and 1 spherical BOP. API RP-53 gives no guidance on this matter. Nor does it give guidance on the amount of subsea bottles required. EP 89-1500 July 1989 Pressure control manual for drilling and workover operations states the following The accumulator bottles precharge pressure...
Info Vbn
0 ' 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 38.00' 40.00 43.00 44.00 49.00 5 .7 4 35.72 41.67 47.62 53.57 56.55' 59.53 63.99 65.48 72.92 .1 1 j 2 . 5 8.097 j 205.66 8.017 j 203.63 7.921 j 201.19 7.825 1 198.76 7.775 197 49 7.725 i 196.22 7.651 I 194.34 7.625 j 193.68 7.511 j 190.76 .066 7.972 7.892 7.706 7.700 7.650 7.600 7.526 7.500 7.386
Setting a Balanced Cement Plug
d Displace with mud either i underdisplace e Pull stinger slowly and do not rotate string will disturb cement a Quantity of cement and mixwater required b Thickening time and compressive strength Prior to withdrawal of stinger determine d Height of water spacer ahead of slurry e Volume of water required behind slurry to achieve a balanced condition The following calculations are for setting a plug in open hole only i.e. one size of annulus . The water spacer ahead is also considered to be in...
Establish A Bottom Hole Pattern
Rotate the bit and circulate mud when approaching bottom. This will prevent plugged nozzles and clear out fill. Lightly tag bottom with low RPM. USE A DRILL-OFF TEST TO SELECT BEST WEIGHT AND RPM WR Select bit weight. Depending on bit selected, refer to appropriate page and chart in this catalog for recommended maximum RPM's and weights. Record drill-off time for 5,000 lb, increments of weight indicator decrease. Repeat this procedure for different RPM. Drill at weight and RPM giving fastest...
Api Tolerances For New Bits
3 3 8 - 13 3 4 14 - 17 1 2 17 5 8 or more 6 3 4 or less 6 25 32 - 9 9 1 32 - 13 3 4 13 25 32 - 17 1 2 17 17 32 or more 172.2 - 228.6 229.4 - 349.3 350.0 - 444.5 0, - 0.015 0, - 0.020 0, - 0.030 0, - 0.045 0. - 0.063 0, - 0.38 0, - 0.51 0, - 0.76 0, - 1.14 0. - 1 60 CARBIDE TOOTH BIT with Sealed Journal Bearings STEEL TOOTH BIT wilh Sealed Journal Bearings Outer End of Tooth Inner End of Toot CrestofTooth Cone Shell Nose Row Middle Row Spear Point Heel Row Steel Tooth.
Calculation Of Inclination
_5730_ x 1 _ cos AHD - K.O.P. - IfiQfi- x sin a B.U.R. V ' V B. J.R. K.O.P. -5Z3Q- x sin a AHD - K.O.P. - 100 Mxcosu B.U.R. B.U.R. Top rotary table, RT used as reference while drilling Local datum always refered to, the only permanent reference Top 20 casing head housing, CHH top bottom flange often used as reference by the Production Departement as it remains the whole life time of the well .
Post Kick Information 1
Formation pressure, P0 Pcp Dlvx p New mud density, p2 pi Pap Div Barytes required, Ni 4200 x ps gt - p- 41.19 -p21 kg ms NOTE barytes 4.2 kg I 41.19 kPa m Migration rate,M, Pa r,2 - P m p, x At m mjn Selected kill pump Annular velocity while killing DF m min DP2 m min Standpipe pressure at start of kill Circulating pressure, pi mud Pci KPa Circulating pressure, pj, mud Pc2 p pi x P6i Top gas after closing in bubble h3 min, pumped x ann. vel. Top gas at start of kill add migralion rate to the...
Slow Rate Of Penetration
Not enough weight on bit hydraulic lift RPM too low high Plastic formation Pressure drop too low Wrong bit selection Compare beginning and present pressure drops new bit may be required Increase weight Pull bit Increase flow rate new bit may be required Pull bit
Stinger cementation
a Circulate annulus and string contents b Pump pre-flush or marker ahead c Pump slurry until returns are seen iii returns are considered impossible d Displace stinger contents using mud e Watch casing string annulus for returns during entire job g Pull stinger. Do not rotate a Quantity of cement and mixwater required b Thickening time and compressive strength c Volume to displace cement from stinger e Pressure differential in case of float shoe failure lt f Annular velocity a Quantity of...
Singlestage cementation
a Circulate at least casing contents lt g Chase with mud turbulent flow h Reduce pump speed as top plug approaches float collar Note pressure differential NB REciprocation of string may be necessary. CALCULATE a Quantity of cement and mixwater required b Thickening time and compressive strength e Pressure differential prior to bumping plug a Quantity of cement and mixwater required Vc - Vcsg 0H Vcsg csg VST Excess
Rules Of Thumb For Bit Selection
Shale has a better drilling response to RPM. Limestone has a better drilling response to bit weight. Bits with roller bearings can be run at a higher RPM than bits with journal bearings. Bits with sealed bearings can give longer life than bits with open bearings, Milled tooth bits with journal bearings can be run at higher weights than milled tooth bits with roller bearings. Diamond product bits can run at higher RPM than three cone bits. Bits with high offset may wear more on gauge. Bits with...
Opening rams under pressure will damage equipment and is not a good safety
From the above it should be realized that normal operating pressures are not always sufficient to close B.O.P.'s, especially B.O.P.'s with a high pressure rating, CAMERON mentions the following in engineering bulletin No. 196D revision D1 10th January 1966 PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS The rated continuous working pressure for the U B.O.P. operating system is 10,342.5 kPa 1,500 psi . Pressures of 2068.5 to 3447.5 kPa 300 to 500 psi normally provide a satisfactory operation. Pressures in excess of...
General properties Jtg
Fluid loss 10 ml pH 9.5-10.5 When converting a standard mud into a gyp ligno mud a strong but temporary increase in viscosity occurs. In order to avoid problems with this viscosity hump the mud should be diluted to a density below 1.15 kg I prior to conversion. Salt saturated muds are used for drilling salt formations. The mud is saturated to the salt or salt mixture that is to be'drilled. As most salts are plastic and tend to close the freshly drilled hole high mudweights are often required to...
Twostage cementation
a Circulate at least casing contents g Chase with mud create turbulent flow, count strokes h Reduce pump speed as plug approaches float collar Note pressure differential i Bump plug gently j Pressure test casing k Check for back flow I Drop opening-bomb and wait 15 minutes m Pressure casing to approx. 5.17 MPa 750 psi to open stage collar n Circulate out mud cement through stage collar r Drop second-stage top plug to close stage collar t Chase with mud using the mud pumps u Pump at minimum Of...
Quantitative Use
SUMMARY OF TOOLS, LOGS amp SAMPLES SUMMARY OF TOOLS, LOGS amp SAMPLES
Fluctuating Stand Pipe Pressure
Drilling through fractured formation Formation breaking up beneath bit Stabilizers hanging up Equipment failure If ROP acceptable, continue If ROP acceptable, continue Check equipment Try combination of lighter weight and higher RPM Check overpull Check stabilizers on next trip Repair equipment Establishing bottom hole pattern Core stump left Check pressure increase flow rate, decrease Attempt to carefully drill ahead with low Back off and increase flow rate, then slug with detergent or oil
Functions And Properties Of Oil Well Drilling Fluids
Effect of property on penetration rate Increased mud density decreaes penetrations rate Has to be calculated from well depth and expected pressures Safety factor 2-300 psi overpressure 1500-2000 KPa Lower by adding WATER check viscosity Keep as low as is practically possible 35-50 sees M.F. A.V. 12-20 cp PV 10-15 cp Lower by adding WATER check density or THINNER Increase yield point and gel strength decreases penetration rate 0'gel mud density-1 x 10 10'gel mud density-1 x 15 Raise by adding...
Carbonatebicarbonate Contamination
In alkaline muds, a C02 influx can form bicarbonate or carbonate ions. Overtreatment of other contaminants with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate can also contribute to the problem known as carbonate alkalinity. In practice, this results in an inability of the lignosulphonate to treat high yield point and gel strengths. If it is suspected that carbonate-bicarbonate contamination is taking place in the mud, the system should always first be treated with caustic. If this treatment is not effective...
Safe Distances For Fire Prevention
Dangerous areas Areas within 50 feet from - inflammable products in open storage or open system - producing wells open system - wildcat or exploration drilling - exploitation drilling possibility of abnormal pressures - light products and crude oil pumps - compressors of inflammable gases - floating roof tanks and gas oil separators - producing well closed system - exploitation drilling only normal pressures expected
Advantages of Using Premix
a. Maximum viscosity is obtained with minimum solids. b. Filtration control is easier. c. Filter cake is thinner and stronger. When drilling top hole vast amounts of cuttings are generated due to high penetration rates and large hole sizes. In view of the limited pump capacity the carrying capacity of the mud is of prime importance. Hence a low n value i.e. a high YP PV ratio is required. Spud mud normally consists of some 40-60 kg m 3 Bentonite in fresh water. The pH is maintained at 9-10 with...