Ice Drilling and Coring
Charles R. Bentley, Bruce R. Koci, LaurentJ.-M. Augustin, Robin J. Bolsey, James A. Green, Jay D. Kyne, Donald A. Lebar, William P. Mason, Alexander J. Shturmakov, Hermann F. Engelhardt, William D. Harrison, Michael H. Hecht, and Victor Zagorodnov 4.2.1 Surface-Driven Rotary Drills 224 4.2.3 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills 226 4.2.4 Cable-Suspended Electrothermal Drills 248 4.2.6 Koci Drill for Debris-Laden Ice 259 4.3.1 Hot-Water Drilling Systems 262 4.3.5 Electrochaude 284 4.3.6...
Instruments for In Situ Sample Analysis
Luther W. Beegle, Sabrina Feldman, Paul V. Johnson, and Christopher B. Dreyer 8.2 Instrument Design Considerations 652 8.4.1 Imaging and Spectroscopic Instruments 657 8.5 Mineralogy Identification 666 8.5.1 Mossbauer Spectroscopy 666 8.5.2 Spectrometers UV VIS, Near-IR, Mid-IR, Far-IR, etc. 667 8.5.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 669 8.5.5 Powder X-Ray Diffraction 672 8.5.6 Contact X-Ray Diffraction 673 8.6.2 Ion- Selective Electrodes, pH, and Redox Meters 677 8.6.4 Gas Chromatography Mass...
Preface
Drilling, which is an act of penetrating solid media, is a well-established technology and there are many commercial tools that are available for this purpose. One might wonder what else needs to be developed that is not known or made. Well, most of the developments are driven by few basic principles which are linked to cost reductions and making a profit. The new technology tries to make drilling processes faster and cheaper and also safer by removing humans from the loop. In some cases, such...
Color Plates
Figure 1.7 The principal strain profile at various times after impact of a drilling bit and a coring bit Bao et al., 2003 . This figure also appears on page 11. Figure 1.16 Petroleum drill bits are produced in various shapes depending on the formation that needs to be penetrated. From left to right surface set diamond bit PDC bit tungsten carbide tricone bit and tricone milled tooth bit with different teeth shapes and sizes. This figure also appears on page 22. Figure 1.16 Petroleum drill bits...
Principles of Drilling and Excavation
Gang Han, Maurice B. Dusseault, Emmanuel Detournay, Bradley J. Thomson, and Kris Zacny 2.2 Physical Properties of Rocks 31 2.2.2 Extraterrestrial Rocks 48 2.2.3 Influence Factors for Rock Mechanical Properties 52 2.3 Stresses and Energy in Drilling 65 2.3.1 Stress in Sedimentary Basins 65 2.3.2 Stresses Around a Borehole 83 2.4 Theories of Rock Breakage 89 2.4.4 Other Drilling Methods 118 2.5.1 Underground Rocks and Stresses 126 2.5.3 Effect of Environment on Drilling 129 References 132
Chapter Ofp
Brian Tarr, Deepwater Well Technology, Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX. Lou Capuano, Chief Executive, Thermasource, Santa Rosa, CA. Sam Abraham, Geothermal Resource Group Inc., Palm Desert, CA. William M Rickard, President, Geothermal Resource Group Inc., Palm Desert, CA. Doug Blankenship and his group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. Roy Long, E amp P Technology Manager, Strategic Center for Natural Gas amp Oil, DOE National Energy Technology...
Extraterrestrial Drilling and Excavation
Kris Zacny, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Kiel Davis, Pierre Coste, Gale Paulsen, Stewart Sherrit, Jeffrey George, Brian Derkowski, Steve Gorevan, Dale Boucher, Jose Guerrero, Takashi Kubota, Bradley J. Thomson, Scott Stanley, Peter Thomas, Nicholas Lan, Christopher McKay, Tullis C. Onstot, Carol Stoker, Brian Glass, Sachiko Wakabayashi, Lyle Whyte, Gianfranco Visentin, Edoardo Re, Lutz Richter, Mircea Badescu, Xiaoqi Bao, Roger Fincher, Takeshi Hoshino, Piergiovanni Magnani, and Carlo Menon 6.1 Why...
ab
Figure 1.18 Drilling ice at Lake Vida, Antarctica, using the ultrasonic sonic gopher. Figure 1.18 Drilling ice at Lake Vida, Antarctica, using the ultrasonic sonic gopher. Figure 1.19 Dental drills are used to remove decayed tooth material. Courtesy Alan Grant, Dentist, Long Beach, CA. Figure 1.19 Dental drills are used to remove decayed tooth material. Courtesy Alan Grant, Dentist, Long Beach, CA. century. These improvements led to the modern dental drills that work more quickly and accurately...
Foreword
The adjective ''extreme,'' even as used in the title of this book, Drilling in Extreme Environments by Yoseph Bar-Cohen and Kris Zacny, must be considered a relative term With improvements in technology and the passage of time, what was once considered to be extreme becomes ordinary. For example, the Chinese routinely drilled into the earth to depths of 1000m or more centuries before the Europeans even dreamed about such a capability. Nowadays, world-wide drillers reach to depths of thousands...
Introduction and Historical Perspective
Drilling and excavation are widely applied for many purposes, including making a hole in a wall, deep drilling in the search for oil and exploration of the Earth's subsurface Clark, 1987 . Most of what we have learned about early climates of planet Earth e.g., ice ages was obtained from cores taken by drilling through ice sheets and glaciers e.g., Dansgaard, 2004 . Increasingly, developers of drills are addressing complex challenges in extreme environments, for example penetrating the surface...